{"id":13323,"date":"2017-04-04T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-04T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/?p=13323"},"modified":"2024-04-08T01:13:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T01:13:27","slug":"t-u-r-n-a-m-h-b-h-e-r-l-i-n","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/t-u-r-n-a-m-h-b-h-e-r-l-i-n\/","title":{"rendered":"T u r n a m h     B h e r l i n ."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;font-size:16pt\">T u r n a m h     B h e r l i n .<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16pt\">*************************<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt\">         B E R L I N                 <\/h1><p style=\"margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">THE  DOWNFALL  1945&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.foilsithe ag Viking&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;2002.<\/p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Le<\/p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">ANTHONY BEEVOR&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\u00a325.00.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:16pt\">**************************<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00ed call dom a r\u00e1, gur leabhar m\u00f3r-r\u00e1chairte \u00e9 an leabhar seo is d\u00e9ana\u00ed \u00f3 pheann Anthony Beevor, n\u00f3 is \u00fadar, \u00e9 a bhfuil a ainm in airde i measc lucht taighde, as a bhfuil d\u00e9anta aige le t\u00f3irse a scile a dh\u00edri\u00fa ar thr\u00e9ims\u00ed, n\u00f3 ar eachtra\u00ed \u00e1irithe, de shaol an fichi\u00fa haois.  Breathnaigh ar chuid de na teidil at\u00e1 curtha de aige, cheana f\u00e9in&#8230;\u201d<strong>The Spanish Civil War<\/strong>\u201d,  \u201c<strong>Inside the British Army<\/strong>\u201d, <strong>\u201cCrete: the Battle and the Resistance<\/strong>\u201d, agus leabhar bre\u00e1 eile, ar an dt\u00e9ad c\u00e9anna leis an gceann seo is d\u00e9ana\u00ed uaidh, is ea \u201c<strong>Stalingrad<\/strong>.\u201d  Chuala \u00f3 roinnt daoine, nach raibh s\u00e1r\u00fa an leabhair sin \u201cStalingrad\u201d le f\u00e1il.  F\u00e9ach mar a scr\u00edobh l\u00e9irmheast\u00f3ir amh\u00e1in faoin leabhar c\u00e9anna sin&#8230;<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">\u201cA superb re-telling of the saga.  Beevor combines a soldier\u2019s understanding of war\u2019s realities with the narrative techniques of a novelist&#8230;. This is a book that lets the reader look into the face of battle.\u201d<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00e1r dheacair an teist sin a sh\u00e1r\u00fa, agus d\u2019fh\u00e9adfainn fh\u00e9in a r\u00e1 anois, tar \u00e9is dom             <strong>\u201c B E R L I N  The Downfall 1945\u201d<\/strong> a l\u00e9amh, d\u2019fh\u00e9adfainn a r\u00e1, gur \u00e9irigh leis an      t-\u00e9acht c\u00e9anna a dh\u00e9anamh uair amh\u00e1in eile, n\u00f3 sa leabhar seo, is beag nach bhf\u00e9adf\u00e1 an\u00e1l\u00fa na saighdiuir\u00ed c\u00e9anna sin a chlos, le linn duit bheith ag taisteal, cois ar chois leo, tr\u00ed choillte na Gearm\u00e1ine, n\u00f3 tr\u00ed shr\u00e1ideanna na cathrach daortha, d\u00f3ite sin, Berilin.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00ed hionadh ar bith, gur chuir m\u00e9 fh\u00e9in suim, agus dh\u00e1 shuim, sa leabhar seo, &#8211;  b\u00edodh go bhfuil s\u00e9 i bhfad n\u00edos toirti\u00fala n\u00e1 an cine\u00e1l leabhair a l\u00e9im, de ghn\u00e1th, mar t\u00e1 thart ar 490 leathanach idir chl\u00fadaigh an leabhair seo, &#8211;  nuair a chuireann t\u00fa san \u00e1ireamh, go raibh m\u00e9 fh\u00e9in im\u2019 fhear \u00f3g, ag an am nuair a bh\u00ed sc\u00e9al thurnamh na cathrach c\u00e9asta sin le l\u00e9amh ar nuacht\u00e1in an domhain mh\u00f3ir.  Ach caithfear a chur san \u00e1ireamh anseo, nach raibh an fh\u00edrinne le l\u00e9amh i gc\u00f3na\u00ed ag duine, le linn an Chogaidh Mh\u00f3ir sin, n\u00f3 le linn cogaidh ar bith, d\u00e1 nd\u00e9arfainn \u00e9.  Ach, anois, tar \u00e9is dom an leabhar m\u00f3r seo a l\u00e9amh, is f\u00e9idir liom a r\u00e1, go cinnte, gur bheag, i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre, a thuig m\u00e9, ag an am, faoin \u00e1r gan \u00e1ireamh a deineadh ar an gcathair bhr\u00f3d\u00fail ch\u00e9anna sin.  Ach scaoilimis tharainn na cuimhn\u00ed sin, agus fillimis ar an leabhar fh\u00e9in.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Ins\u00edonn an t-\u00fadar d\u00fainn, ina r\u00e9amhr\u00e1, mar a tharla gur chuir s\u00e9 roimhe, a ch\u00e9aduair, an leabhar seo a scr\u00edobh faoi thurnamh Bherlin.  Seo mar a chuireann s\u00e9 ina r\u00e9amhr\u00e1 \u00e9, agus \u00e9 ag cur s\u00edos ar thitim an \u201cThird Reich\u201d &#8230;<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">\u201cThe Nazis\u2019 enemies had first been able to visualize their moment of vengeance just over two years before.  On 1 February 1943, an angry Soviet colonel collared a group of emaciated German prisoners in the rubble of Stalingrad.  \u2018That\u2019s how Berlin is going to look\u2019 he yelled, pointing to the ruined buildings all around.  When I read those words some six years ago, I sensed immediately what my next book had to be.\u201d    <\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">D\u2019fh\u00e9adf\u00e1 a r\u00e1, go dtosa\u00edonn an t-\u00fadar a sc\u00e9al lena chur s\u00edos ar ch\u00farsa\u00ed i mBerlin, um Nollaig na bliana 1944, n\u00f3 faoin am sin, bh\u00ed roinnt mhaith den chathair sin scriosta ag aer-ruathair na gComhghuallaithe, na Meirice\u00e1naigh, agus na Sasanaigh, ach go h\u00e1irithe.  F\u00e9ach mar a chuireann an t-\u00fadar t\u00fas lena sc\u00e9al, ar leathanach a haon&#8230;<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">\u201cBerliners, gaunt from short rations and stress, had little to celebrate at Christmas in 1944.  Much of the capital of the Reich had been reduced to rubble by bombing raids.  The Berlin talent for black jokes had turned to gallows humour.  The quip of that unfestive season was, \u2018Be practical: give a coffin\u2019 \u201d<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00edor thuigeadar, ag an am, f\u00edrinne shearbh, uaf\u00e1sach, an mhagaidh ch\u00e9anna sin.  Faoin am sin, bh\u00ed f\u00f3rsa\u00ed iomad\u00fala na S\u00f3iv\u00e9ide ag sl\u00f3gadh ar theorainneacha thoir an Reich. Bh\u00ed, adeirtear, 6.7 milli\u00fan saighdi\u00fair sl\u00f3gtha ag an tS\u00f3iv\u00e9id ar an bhfronta thoir, \u00f3n Aidriad go dt\u00ed an Bhailt, agus iad armtha, \u00e9idithe, r\u00e9idh chun catha, agus fonn maraitheach d\u00edoltais ar chuile dhuine de na saighdi\u00fair\u00ed c\u00e9anna sin.  F\u00e9ach mar a chuir an Ginear\u00e1l Reinhard Gehlen \u00e9, ina chuntas seisean ar na c\u00farsa\u00ed sin&#8230;.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">\u201cGehlen calculated that around 12 January the Red Army would launch a massive attack from the line of the River Vistula.  His department estimated that the enemy had a superiority of eleven to one in infantry, seven to one in tanks and twenty to one in artillery and also in aviation.\u201d<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Nach mbeadh s\u00e9 deacair arm d\u00e1 leith\u00e9id a choinne\u00e1il amach \u00f3 theorainneacha an Reich?  Bh\u00ed an t-arm sin do-stoptha, agus rinneadar a sl\u00ed i dtreo chro\u00ed an Reich, Cathair Bherlin, gona daonra de thart ar thr\u00ed mhilli\u00fan, faoi mar a bheadh saighead d\u00edrithe ar chro\u00ed an bheithigh allta \u00fad, ba namhaid ag na Cumannaigh.  N\u00edl dabht ar domhan ach go raibh arm na R\u00faise saighdte go nimhneach i gcoinne na nGearm\u00e1nach.  Tuige? ad\u00e9arfadh duine, b\u2019fh\u00e9idir.  Bhuel, n\u00edl dabht ar domhan ach gur chaith na Gearm\u00e1naigh go f\u00edor-dhona leis na R\u00faisigh, le linn d\u00f3ibh bheith ag ionradh na t\u00edre fairsinge sin.  Ba \u00e9 toradh a bh\u00ed ar sin, n\u00f3 gurbh \u00e9 polasa\u00ed Stalin, agus a chomhairleoir\u00ed, Gearm\u00e1naigh a scrios agus a bhascadh chomh luath is a gheobhaid\u00eds an deis chuige sin.  Bhuel, bh\u00ed am an d\u00edoltais ag druidim leo, gan aon ag\u00f3, luath go leor i mbliain chinni\u00fanach sin an \u00e1ir 1945.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Agus n\u00ed h\u00e9 amhain go raibh an oiread sin saighdi\u00fair\u00ed bailithe acu ar an bhfronta thoir, ach bh\u00ed na f\u00f3rsa\u00ed sin faoi cheannas na nginear\u00e1l ba chliste, ab\u2019 oilte, agus ba chleachta\u00ed, ar choga\u00edocht a dh\u00e9anamh sa chine\u00e1l sin aer\u00e1ide, ar an gcine\u00e1l sin talaimh, agus i gcoinne an chine\u00e1l sin airm.  Bh\u00ed an sean-sionnach glic \u00fad, an Marascal Zhukov, n\u00f3 faoi mar a bhaist R\u00faisigh air, i ndiaidh an chogaidh, naomh Seoirse s\u2019againne,  Seoirse Konstantinovich Zhukov, naomhph\u00e1tr\u00fan Mhosc\u00fa.  Ansin bh\u00ed an Marascal Rokossovsky, agus an Marascal Konev, sea, agus tuilleadh f\u00f3s, a raibh ainm in airde orthu, as a n-\u00e1baltacht, agus as a gclisteacht, mar throdair\u00ed ar an bhfronta thoir, le scaitheamh maith roimhe sin.  Ach b\u00edodh go raibh an oiread sin ceannair\u00ed cliste acu, n\u00edor lig Stalin fh\u00e9in srian le duine ar bith acu, ach \u00e9 i gc\u00f3na\u00ed \u00e1 sti\u00faradh, agus \u00e9 ag iarraidh duine acu a shaghd\u00fa i gcoinne an duine eile, fad is a bh\u00ed s\u00e9 \u00e1 ngr\u00edosadh uile i dtreo Bherlin, n\u00f3 theastaigh uaidh Berlin a ghabh\u00e1il, toisc gurbh iad na R\u00faisigh a thuill an on\u00f3ir sin, as a nd\u00edograis troda i gcoinne arm Hitler, ach bh\u00ed c\u00fais eile lena dheifir chun na cathrach sin freisin, n\u00f3 is amhlaidh a theastaigh uaidh, idir eolaithe, agus fearais d\u00e9ant\u00fasa\u00edochta na t\u00edre sin a tharl\u00fa leis go Mosc\u00fa, ionas go mbeadh ar chumas na R\u00faise feasta, airm r\u00fanda, agus a leith\u00e9id, a bheadh ar chomhch\u00e9im le hairm Mheirice\u00e1, a dh\u00e9anamh feasta sa R\u00fais.  Sea, agus b\u2019in an f\u00e1th ar thimpeallaigh airm na R\u00faise an chathair sin, le deis a thabhairt d\u00f3ibh sin a dh\u00e9anamh, agus b\u2019fh\u00e9idir freisin, go bhf\u00e9adfaid\u00eds teacht ar Hitler fh\u00e9in, agus \u00e9 a ghabh\u00e1il mar phr\u00edos\u00fanach cogaidh.  N\u00e1r bhre\u00e1 an churadhmh\u00edr \u00e9 sin, d\u00e1 dtiocfadh leo breith air ina bheatha?   Bh\u00ed aidhm eile f\u00f3s ag Stalin, agus b\u2019in sluaite Gearm\u00e1nach, idir fhir is mhn\u00e1, a ghabh\u00e1il agus iad a thiom\u00e1int soir chun na R\u00faise ina scl\u00e1bhaithe, le bailte agus cathracha scriosta na R\u00faise a at\u00f3g\u00e1il.  I nd\u00e1ir\u00edre, ba \u00e9 a theastaigh uaidh, n\u00f3 deireadh a chur le cumas coga\u00edochta na nGearm\u00e1nach, agus fhad is a bheadh sin \u00e1 dh\u00e9anamh aige, bheadh s\u00e9 ag cur le neart ollmh\u00f3r a impireachta fh\u00e9in.  N\u00edl dabht ar domhan, ach gur chuir s\u00e9 dallamull\u00f3g cheart, chr\u00edochnaithe, ar Roosevelt agus ar Churchill freisin, ach caithfidh t\u00fa an leabhar a l\u00e9amh le sin a thabhairt faoi deara i gceart.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00ed g\u00e1 dhom a r\u00e1, gur \u00e9irigh le harm na S\u00f3iv\u00e9ide cath a bhriseadh ar fh\u00f3rsa\u00ed na nGearmanach, agus gur \u00e9irigh leo, i ndeireadh thiar, Berlin a ghabh\u00e1il.  B\u2019uaf\u00e1sach an d\u00edoltas a d\u2019agair siad ar mhuintir na cathrach c\u00e9asta sin, agus ar Ghearm\u00e1naigh eile a th\u00e1inig faoina smacht freisin.  Deineadh \u00e1r gan \u00e1ireamh ar, idir shaighdi\u00fair\u00ed agus shibhialtaigh.  Ba \u00e9 an rud ba mh\u00f3 a theastaigh \u00f3 na saighdi\u00fair\u00ed S\u00f3iv\u00e9ideacha n\u00f3 Gearm\u00e1naigh a mhar\u00fa, agus dheineadar sin, go d\u00f3ighi\u00fail, lena ngunna\u00ed, lena dtancanna, agus lena mbuama\u00ed.  Bh\u00ed \u00e9igni\u00fa, agus drong-\u00e9igni\u00fa, ar si\u00fal de l\u00f3 agus d\u2019o\u00edche, agus an rud ba mheasa ar fad, n\u00f3 n\u00e1r dhein a n-oifigigh airm m\u00f3r\u00e1n iarrachta le stop a chur leis an gcleachtadh barbartha m\u00eddhaonna sin.  Ar\u00eds, f\u00e1gfaidh m\u00e9 f\u00fat fh\u00e9in \u00e9 an sc\u00e9al uaf\u00e1sach sin a l\u00e9amh.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Chuir Hitler, agus cuid d\u00e1 lucht lean\u00fana, l\u00e1mh ina mb\u00e1s fh\u00e9in, agus ar ball, gh\u00e9ill an Reich, agus b\u2019\u00e9igean do thaoisigh na t\u00edre sin an g\u00e9illeadh neamahchoinn\u00edollach sin a sh\u00edni\u00fa, ar an 8\u00fa Bealtaine, 1945.  Bh\u00ed an t-\u00e1r agus an bh\u00faist\u00e9ireacht thart, n\u00f3 an raibh?  Cinnte, cuireadh roinnt mhaith daoine chun b\u00e1is, i ndiaidh an chogaidh, toisc gur dheineadar seo, n\u00f3 si\u00fad, i rith an chogaidh.  Baineadh d\u00edoltas amach.  N\u00edor dhein daoine dearmad ar ar deineadh d\u2019\u00e9ag\u00f3ir orthu, le linn an chogaidh.   Sea, bhain siad s\u00e1samh amach.   Rinne saighdi\u00fair\u00ed na Gearm\u00e1ine chuile iarracht g\u00e9illeadh do na Punc\u00e1in, n\u00f3 do na Sasanaigh, ach n\u00ed raibh an oireadh sin foinn orthusan glacadh lena ng\u00e9illeadh, rud a d\u2019fh\u00e1g, n\u00e1r dheineadar iarracht r\u00f3-mh\u00f3r ar Phrague n\u00f3 Vienna a ghabh\u00e1il, roimh na R\u00faisigh, n\u00f3 theastaigh uathusan an oiread talaimh agus ab fh\u00e9idir a ghabh\u00e1il, s\u00e1ra ng\u00e9illfeadh na Gearm\u00e1naigh.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">B\u2019fh\u00e9idir gur ch\u00f3ir dom tagairt amh\u00e1in eile a dh\u00e9anamh do Hitler, n\u00f3 mar is eol d\u00fainn, chuir s\u00e9 l\u00e1mh ina bh\u00e1s fh\u00e9in, agus bh\u00ed orduithe tugtha aige, roimh r\u00e9, go nd\u00f3fa\u00ed a chorp fh\u00e9in, agus corp Eva Braun, a bhean, in \u00e9ineacht leis, iar bh\u00e1s d\u00f3ibh.  Deineadh mar a d\u2019ordaigh s\u00e9, agus cuireadh a raibh f\u00e1gtha, i gcuas pl\u00e9asc\u00e1in.  Ar ball, th\u00e1inig na R\u00faisigh ar na coirp sin, agus choinn\u00edodar an sc\u00e9al faoi r\u00fan, ach chinnt\u00edodar i dtosach, gurbh \u00e9 corp Hitler a bh\u00ed faighte acu, ach f\u00e1gadh na Comhghuallaithe dall ar an sc\u00e9al sin, agus fi\u00fa amh\u00e1in, an Marascal Zhukov fh\u00e9in, n\u00ed bhfuair seisean amach gur fritheadh an corp go ceann fiche bliain ina dhiaidh sin!<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Ba bheag suim a bh\u00ed ag Stalin ina shaidhdi\u00fair\u00ed fh\u00e9in, agus bh\u00edodh s\u00e9 s\u00e1sta, de ghn\u00e1th, iad a dh\u00edoth\u00fa, ar mhaithe le cusp\u00f3ir cummanach a bhaint amach&#8230;F\u00e9ach ar seo&#8230;<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">Stalin and his  marashals paid little regard to the lives of their soldiers.  The casualities for the three Fronts involved in the Berlin operation were extremely high, with 78,000 killed and 274,184 wounded.  Russian historians now acknowledge that these needlessly high losses were partly due to the race to get to Berlin before the Western Allies, and partly to packing so many armies into the assault on Berlin that they were bombarading each other.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Sea, a mhaisce! ba mhinic R\u00faisigh \u00e1 mar\u00fa ag a ngunna\u00ed fh\u00e9in, n\u00f3 ag \u201cFriendly Fire\u201d mar a thugtar ar bhot\u00fain d\u00e1 leith\u00e9id, na laethe seo.  Agus n\u00ed haon ionadh \u00e9 sin, nuair a chuireann t\u00fa san \u00e1ireamh an m\u00e9id gunna\u00ed m\u00f3ra a bh\u00ed in \u00fas\u00e1id acu, ar an bhfronta sin.  F\u00e9ach mar a bh\u00ed, i gc\u00e1s duine de na ginear\u00e1il a bh\u00ed in arm an Mharascail Zhukov&#8230;.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4;margin-left:72pt\">General Kazabov had 8,983 artillery pieces, with up to 270 guns per kilometre on the breakthrough sectors, which meant a field gun every four metres, including 152mm and 203mm howitzers, heavy mortars and regiments of katyusha rocket launchers.  The ist Belorussian Front had a stockpile of over 7 million shells, of which 1,236,000 rounds were fired on the first day.  <\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">N\u00ed g\u00e1 a thuilleadh a r\u00e1 faoi na c\u00farsa\u00ed sin.  Ach cuimhnigh ar an torann, agus ar an raic uilig a t\u00f3gadh, nuair a thosaigh na gunna\u00ed m\u00f3ra sin ag pl\u00e9ascadh leo, agus cuimhnigh freisin, mar a scal na S\u00f3iv\u00e9idigh  na m\u00edlte spotsholas i s\u00faile na nGearm\u00e1nach, le radharc na s\u00fal a bhaint d\u00edobh ag n\u00f3im\u00e9ad sin na cinni\u00fana, le bunt\u00e1iste a fh\u00e1il orthu sa tsl\u00ed sin, agus t\u00e1 picti\u00far eic\u00ednt faighte agat ar an gcine\u00e1l ifrinn a bh\u00ed fan an fhronta thoir sin, l\u00e1 \u00fad an l\u00e9in.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Leabhar scanraitheach, ar bhealach, leabhar a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn go cruinn, soil\u00e9ir, olc ifreanda na coga\u00edochta, sea, ach leabhar, ag an am gc\u00e9anna, a chuireann a gheasa fh\u00e9in ar dhuine, sa tsl\u00ed gur deacair an leabhar a chur uait, go h\u00e1irithe, m\u00e1 tharla gur mhair duine i dtreimhse chinni\u00fanach sin \u00e1r staire.  L\u00e9irionn an leabhar seo nach bhfuil ridireacht ar bith ag baint le coga\u00edocht, n\u00f3 n\u00edl ann ach olc, cleasa\u00edocht, agus b\u00faist\u00e9ireacht do-\u00e1irithe, \u00e1 nd\u00e9anamh ar dhaoine daonna, daoine neamhurch\u00f3ideacha, den chuid is m\u00f3.  <\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Sea, agus n\u00e1r bheag an tionchar a bh\u00ed ag creideamh, n\u00f3 ag mor\u00e1ltacht, n\u00f3 ag diagacht fh\u00e9in, ar na c\u00farsa\u00ed sin uilig.  Nach gceapf\u00e1, amannta, go raibh an saol bocht seo tr\u00e9igthe ag an bhfear thuas \u00e9 fh\u00e9in, le linn don \u00e1r sin uilig a bheith \u00e1 dh\u00e9anamh?  Ach, an m\u00e9id sin uilig r\u00e1ite, d\u00e9arfainn gur fi\u00fa an tairbhe an triobl\u00f3id, n\u00f3 tugann an leabhar seo l\u00e9argus do dhuine ar laethe uaf\u00e1sacha, cinni\u00fanacha, an chogaidh, l\u00e9argus nach bhf\u00e9adfadh duine a shamhl\u00fa fi\u00fa, d\u00e1 uireasa.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">An-leabhar, an-l\u00e9amh, an-oscailt-s\u00fal.  Tabhair faoi, m\u00e1 fh\u00e1ghann t\u00fa an deis chuige !<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">********************<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">Peadar Bair\u00e9ad.<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\">********************<\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:justify;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:2.4\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0pt;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.2\"><span style=\"height:1em\"><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. T u r n a m h B h e r l i n . . ************************* . B E R L I N THE DOWNFALL 1945&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.foilsithe ag Viking&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;2002. Le ANTHONY BEEVOR&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\u00a325.00. . . ************************** . N\u00ed call dom a r\u00e1, gur leabhar m\u00f3r-r\u00e1chairte \u00e9 an leabhar seo is d\u00e9ana\u00ed \u00f3 pheann Anthony Beevor, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gan-chatagoir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13324,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13323\/revisions\/13324"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mickgb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}