Gairdín José!

Jose's Garden!

by | 2023/06/07 | Current Affairs

Jose's Garden!

Prejudice against asylum seekers is now on the rise in this country. Stories and memes are spreading rapidly on traditional and social media – and also by word of mouth. The foreigners are fighting, stealing and misbehaving themselves, according to those sources. It is necessary to be very careful when you read things like this, so that we do not jump to conclusions. Haven't we seen misogynistic propaganda like this time and time again? Wasn't this kind of rumor spread about us when we emigrated to other countries? And didn't we know very well that discrimination on the basis of ethnicity was involved in that case? This is still happening in parts of Australia! It is more likely than not that the same discrimination is now being practiced in Ireland against the refugees in our own country. We all have a duty to cross-check the basis of such rumors against reliable sources. All kinds of tricks are being played against the refugees all over the world by people who are trying to dehumanize those poor people. Often, refugees are fleeing extremely difficult circumstances, with their lives at risk. As a kind of antidote to discrimination, here is the story of one immigrant who came from Mexico to the United States.

The immigrant's story

When he was growing up in Guanajuato in central Mexico, José Palacios often fled with his soul, finding a hiding place from his own father. He threw himself under his bed seeking shelter but his father dragged him out savagely. He ran out the door at night, through the dark streets, trying to escape. But the police would catch him and throw him in a cell, or worse, take him to his father. But despite his efforts, he always ended up at home. His father gave him a terrible and callous beating, for no reason except that he himself was drunk. Eventually, José managed to escape to the United States, leaving his cruel father, a violent alcoholic, behind forever.

You'd be forgiven for thinking that José would end up with big problems – perhaps as a violent alcoholic like his father! But all is not as it seems!

After he arrived in the United States, José did the kind of work that citizens would turn up their nose at. He worked on ranches, poultry farms, vineyards and orange groves. He attended night school, and eventually took psychology courses at the university level. He enjoys reading and painting. After a while, he got a job as a gardener, and that job suited him very well. Without a doubt, José found comfort in that post – as he himself said about it "It's within my heart!"

José's garden

Although now retired at the age of 70, José works as a part-time caretaker and gardener in 'Echo Park' in Los Angeles. He often goes for walks in Griffith Park. "This is the most beautiful park I have ever seen!" he said. After a disaster in the park in 1970, another Iranian immigrant named Amir Dialameh organized a group of people to carry out restoration work. José helped them and their efforts resulted in a wonderful garden with wonderful benches to enjoy the view. There are also other gardens in the park – such as 'Dante's View', named after another immigrant. It is therefore not surprising that the idea occurred to José to start his own garden in the park. He didn't get permission to do that, but the park officials didn't turn him away, either. A friend and I recently walked with José to see his garden. He has planted a wonderful garden at the top of the field with a stone bench to enjoy what he has made. There are many plants and flowers, and it is a peaceful place. Some unknown person put a wooden disc there with two words written on it: 'José's Garden.'

José has a lot of things worked out now. He is a devout man, and during the COVID pandemic, his garden was his place of worship. He wants his garden to be an inspiration to others too and to make them feel special.

After we reached his inspiring garden, José opened his backpack and shared with us a wonderful lunch – quesadillas with ham, cheese and 'nopalito'. We had a wonderful lunch with José the Immigrant, on a beautiful day, in José's Garden!

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Tuairisc ó Mheiriceá – Teorainn Fiachais!

Report from America - Debt Ceiling!

by | 2023/05/31 | Current Affairs, International News, Politics, Opinion

Report from America - Debt Ceiling!

When the United States Congress put a policy in place regarding the national debt limit long ago, they never intended it to be used as a political bone of contention. But that is exactly what happened! And on account of that, there is great uncertainty about the economic situation in the United States and around the world.

The national debt

Every year, the United States government has to borrow to meet its commitments. There are three spending streams in the country's budget:

Compulsory spending: The government is obliged to pay for social security, health care and retirement pensions for people who are entitled to them by law, including people over 65 and military veterans. The government would have to change the laws to reduce this expenditure. These programs are very popular with the majority of the public, so it would be controversial and politically difficult to make such changes. Compulsory spending is the largest part (63%) of the national budget.

Discretionary spending: Each year, the government (the Appropriations Committee) has to review this spending and then approve it. Half of this spending goes to the American military, and the other half to various programs such as: homeland security, education, transportation, research, food safety, science and space programs, disaster relief, environmental protection, public housing, and enforcement of the federal law. Discretionary spending uses around 30% of the national budget.

Supplementary expenditure: This expenditure (7% of the budget) is used to pay interest on the national debt each year. In the year 2023, it will cost 460 billion dollars to service the debt.

Debt Ceiling

Like many countries, the United States has to borrow money, because the federal government spends more money than it receives. Unlike almost every other country, the government limits the amount of money they are allowed to borrow. Because the annual budget deficit is increasing almost every year, congress has to raise the ceiling frequently. You'd think the government wouldn't be able to spend more money (than the ceiling) in the next budget, and that would be that – wouldn't you? Unfortunately, it's not that easy.

A long time ago, the government had to approve the expenditure associated with each bill, one by one. Therefore, the debt limit was first established in 1917 and with a few changes in 1939, so that the limit applied to the budget as a whole. This was done to make the process simpler and that was all very well until 1995 when unintended consequences occurred that no one had thought of before. I will come back to that point but I have to explain one thing first. The debt limit applies to the past year and the money already spent! That is the fundamental mistake with that approach, because this system can be abused, with one party demanding certain changes to the budget in return for raising the ceiling. Without a new ceiling, the government would not be able to pay the interest on the national loan, and the country would be in default and in trouble.

Things were not like that until Republican Chairman Newt Gingrich started using the debt limit as a weapon in 1995. He said that a new ceiling would not be passed until President Clinton made certain changes in the budget. Although Gingrich eventually backed down, he had done the damage and established the precedent.

Flash forward to today, and you will see Gingrich's legacy clearly! Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy is using the debt limit as a bargaining chip to demand a major reduction in the new budget.

Russian Roulette!

The Republican Party is playing Russian Roulette, and that is a dangerous game. Without a new debt limit, a global financial crisis would be created. That is an unacceptable risk, without question. Therefore, it is high time for the United States congress to put in place a new strategy and a new system to balance the budget. Let's hope they do the right thing. Otherwise, that debt limit will cause us to lose sleep!

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Céimeanna móra chun tosaigh – ach…!

Big steps forward – but…!

by | 2023/05/24 | Current Affairs, Language Affairs, International News, National News

Big steps forward – but…!

 

A step forward in the South!

The Minister of State for the Gaeltacht and Sport, Jack Chambers announced a new era for Irish language courses last year. According to the Official Languages (Amendment) Act 2021, the government had an obligation to ensure that 20% of recruits to public bodies were competent in Irish by 2030. Minister of State Chambers said: "It is great to see that certification of the Irish language courses offered to Civil Servants. This certification now provides a great opportunity for learners and employers alike as we all work towards our common goal of achieving the ambitious targets set out in the Act.”

A step forward in the North!

At the same time in the North, Irish received official legal status at the end of 2022, when King Charles III signed the Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Bill. Unfortunately, Westminster had to pass the bill, because the government in Stormont was not going to do it.

"This is another historic day for the Irish-speaking community that the bill is now an official Act and has been put into law from today onwards," said Dr Pádraig Ó Tiarnaigh, spokesperson for 'An Dream Dearg'.

A matter of Hope and Despair at the same time!

Despite the fact that the status of the Irish language is improving in law, other things are happening that go against the objectives of the same laws. Here are a few examples of recent steps back.

A step back in the South

The Minister of Education Norma Foley has announced that there will be a reduction in time, half an hour per week, for the teaching of Irish in English primary schools (most schools in the state) starting in 2025. An hour and three quarters per week will be spent on flexible time , and from Class 3 onwards, an hour on the teaching of modern foreign languages. Despite the facts Minister Foley claims that the new curriculum would "improve the acquisition" of Irish. Education expert Professor Pádraig Ó Duibhir examined all aspects of the story, and in particular the research carried out by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment Council (CNCM) - part of the Department of Education itself. The Professor said that it was very clear from that research that there was a strong link between the reduction of teaching hours in Irish and the standard of Irish that the pupils achieve. "It makes me angry," said Professor Ó Duibhir referring to the Minister's statement on the matter. "I feel it is insulting to say that the time has been reduced but the students' abilities will improve. How is that acceptable?”

Minister Foley spent only 15 minutes in a meeting in Leinster House with advisers and representatives from the CNCM, to decide on all the changes planned for the primary school curriculum, both in Irish and mathematics. I have only one word to say about that: unacceptable!

A step back in the North

Widespread cuts to education services are taking place in the North, due to the UK government slashing its annual budget – or so it claims, anyway. Therefore, the Department of Education in the North intends to put an end to:

• Scéim Léargas (Derry). 1,600 children in Derry will lose their opportunity to learn Irish for an hour each week under this scheme.
• Glor na Mona (Belfast). Glór na Móna is a community center with 160 members, which operates through Irish in Uachtar Cluanaí in Belfast. Cultural events are organized services for the Irish community in the area.
• Ionad Uíbh Eachach (Belfast). This is a childcare center with 200 children receiving care through Irish, and it has 15 jobs associated with it.

It is scandalous that these cuts are taking place, with the Irish Language Act now passed. The government should make investments instead of cuts like that.

Conclusion

Just because an act has been passed does not mean it is in force. As Dr Pádraig Ó Tiarnaigh said: "Don't be fooled, this new act is just another milestone on that great journey. We have not reached any destination, and the enormous work of implementing the provisions of this Act begins.”

We all have to keep pressure on our political representatives to implement the new laws, both in the North and South of this beautiful island!

Gael Linn!

Gael Linn!

by | 2023/05/17 | Language Affairs, National News, History

Gael Linn!

 

I received my copy of the magazine 'Comhar' recently (May 2023), and I noticed that it was a special issue, commemorating the seventy years since Gael Linn was founded in May 1953. I didn't know about half the things that this significant organization has done so far for the Irish language, regarding both language and culture. When Fionbarra Ó Brolcháin was writing about the pioneering of three people who were very active in the organization - Dónall Ó Móráin, Riobard Mac Góráin and Séamus mac Crosáin, he referred to something said by the anthropologist Margaret Mead: ''Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens, can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Isn't that statement inspiring and also true? Undoubtedly, it was true in the case of Gael Linn. In my opinion, that small team understood how important and central our language and culture are to us in this country, and that our national identity stems from that. That team realized that it would be better to attract people into Irish instead of trying to push them into it. The Gael Linn team achieved those goals. They made investments in the arts. They organized cultural events and Irish language learning schemes. In this way, they gave a new face, a contemporary face to the language and culture. They had a modern approach to teaching, a more comprehensive approach than ever before, in which they understood that you can learn Irish outdoors during entertaining events and enjoyable holidays. They were right and there was no lack of children applying for all kinds of courses organized by Gael Linn. When I saw that Gael Linn started a scholarship scheme in the 1950s, the memories came back strongly.

Gael Linn Scholarship Scheme

The Three Month Scholarship Scheme began in 1955 and the scheme continued until 1973. It used to be a period of three months rather than a month, as Máirtín Ó Cadhain believed that was the shortest period in which children would be able to acquire the language. A family used to be allowed to provide accommodation for (only) one child, so that the child would not have the opportunity to speak English in the house. The children attended a local school. It was a comprehensive experience - immersion in all aspects of our traditional culture - rural life, the spirit of the Gaeltacht, storytelling and music included. It was, without a doubt, a pioneering scheme. And I'm not just saying that, either!

My personal experience

I was only a ten-year-old child when I myself attended the Gael Linn course. I left home on my own for the first time and traveled to Galway by train, then on to Kilbrickan, Rosmuck, County Galway. Máire Bean Uí Ghriallais gave me a warm welcome, and my Gaeltacht adventure began immediately. Mrs. Grealish first gave me a bowl of soup but unfortunately it was so hot that I burned the roof of my mouth badly with it. It was very painful for a week or two! It was difficult to explain in Irish what happened to me!

After the long journey, I had to go to the toilet. Máire led me out of the house to the toilet, but it was pitch black outside. Consequently, I hit my knee against a wall and I was injured again! Although I had a bad start, things improved after that - and I didn't injure myself again either.

Although it was difficult at first to speak Irish, I was fluent before long. I had to speak Irish all the time - I didn't have another option because there wasn't much English to be heard in Rosmuc at that time. It was a natural process and I hardly noticed that my Irish was improving day by day. I was also learning other aspects of the culture. For example, I learned to play many songs on the tin whistle and box accordion. I was so happy in the Gaeltacht that I almost forgot my own family! My spell of time passed quickly, and it was difficult for me to return home. But I had no problem with Irish at school after that, and I had a lasting love for our language and our culture from then on, thanks to my father and Gael Linn. Gael Linn abú!

Lá Bealtaine!

May Day!

by | 2023/05/10 | Current Affairs, National News, History

May Day!

On Lá Bealtaine (the 1st of May), it dawned on me that I didn't really know what was behind that great Celtic festival in Ireland. There is another festival that falls on May 1st too, regarding workers' rights - but that's a story for another column! For our Celtic festival, however, it was an agricultural celebration to welcome the summer season, and to protect your family and your way of life against supernatural forces. This festival was celebrated at the beginning of the Summer season, and there were other festivals associated with the other seasons.

In the old traditions fires are lit at sunset on May Eve, April 30, and these traditions still survive in some parts of the country. The name 'Bealtaine' comes from the Old Irish 'Bel tine', according to the historian Peter Berresford Ellis (in the book "A Dictionary of Irish Mythology"). Bel or Belenus is thought to have been the Sun God, but this is only speculation.

May customs

In the distant past, the main fire of May was lighted on Mount Uisneach in County Westmeath - the traditional center of the country. Then, torches were lit in that fire, and they were taken to the townships to light other fires. People would go between two Mayday fires as a ritual of purification. Herds of cows were also sent between fires for the same reason. People even jumped over the fires of Bealtaine, as a fertility ritual.

On May Day, people would collect flowers and sprigs of mountain ash and hang them across the doors or windows of their homes, out of fear that the fairies would take people or animals with them. No visitors were welcome on May Day either, as it was believed that if anything was stolen from your home, someone could use it to put you under a black magic spell.

The 'May Tree' tradition used to be strong not only in Ireland but throughout Europe, where people used to dance around the tree together hand in hand. Another tradition called the 'Queen of May' was practiced in Ireland and throughout Europe as well. It is thought that this tradition may be related to the ancient Roman Goddess, Flora. It was often accompanied by a procession and sports and festivals. In some parts of Ulster, a King was chosen along with the Queen. Sometimes, a bush was carried in the procession, and sliothars (hurling balls) were hung on it. May Day was the start of the hurling season and in Kilkenny the women used to give new sliotars for the men on this day.

According to a legend called 'Book of Capture', the first settler, Partholan, came to Ireland on May Day, and it was on another May Day that the plague came that destroyed his people. Many years later, another group, Clann Míledh, came and on May Day they suppressed the Tuatha Dé Danann. It is unlikely that the above-mentioned things happened on May Day itself, but that is was a matter of magical reality, when the storytellers put together significant events with important dates, perhaps without realising it. In any case, it confirms how central May Day used to be in Celtic culture.

A Poem!!

I will end on a different note - a poetic note, thanks to my father, Peter Barrett. He wrote a wonderful poem about May Day, celebrating the beginning of the flowering that can be seen on May Day. But the theme changes in the last two verses, and a more gloomy atmosphere can be felt in them. The seed of death lies dormant in all living things, even in the prime of health and life. A great lesson from the master himself!

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Another Summer sprouting

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Bright daisies and golden dandelions

To us in swaths of color,

A glorious yellow gorse, a hawthorn like lace

In the green cloak of a Summer bride.

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A yellow May day on fire in the hedges,

And birds singing in the branches,

Lambs gamboling and calfs being herded

In the fertile fields of Summer.

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The clouds of the sky are like soft sheep's fleece,

A bright sun gilding everything,

Bees are busy, and ants in their swarms

Gathering the fruits of the season.

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Cowslips decorating the grasslands,

Hedges blooming profusely,

Bright bog cotton bleaching the bogs,

And fuchsia like Summer pearl

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Years in herds grazing happily,

The collection of memories stirring with them,

The days of youth racing back to us,

Like the Summer flowers bloom.

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But let's put them away, the memories of our youth,

As youth will not return twice to us,

The years will not return that have left us

Unless the faded bloom of Summer returns.