An Ghaeilge – 2025

An Ghaeilge – 2025

On a cold November morning at Dublin Castle, a line was quietly crossed. As Catherine Connolly delivered her inauguration speech, Irish carried the day.

For many years, Connolly has been a model in her consistent use of Irish in public life. As President, she made it clear that Irish will also be a central theme of her new role. From the first day onward, Irish will be the working language of the Office of the President. Her staff will operate through Irish.

That is an important decision. As head of state, she will have significant influence over the Official Languages (Amendment) Act 2021, particularly the provision that requires 20 per cent of new public service recruits to have Irish by 2030. With leadership from the top, pressure will be placed on the public service to follow her example.

But the ground had already been shifting.

Tob-Ghaeltachtaí

For at least the past decade, Irish has been gradually returning to everyday life. By 2025, that movement had reached a turning point.

An early signal came from the Pop-Up Gaeltachtaí. The first was founded in Dublin in 2017 and they spread quickly thereafter. By 2025, they had become a normal part of social life rather than a language experiment. They were simple and essential: places to speak Irish without classes or correction. Today, they are found across Ireland and overseas, including in the United States. Pop-Up Gaeltachtaí bridge the gap between having Irish and being able to use it.

Then came a sharper cultural turn.

Kneecap

Kneecap is a politically charged hip-hop/rap trio from Belfast that blends hardcore hip-hop with punk energy. They rap in both English and Irish, addressing working-class life, Irish identity, and political protest. Their sound includes elements of drill, house, and even folk, and their satirical lyrics are often controversial, paired with a raw attitude that attracts fans from the rock and punk worlds.

Their biographical film drew large audiences earlier this year. At concerts, teenagers in football jerseys and retro sportswear shout Irish-language lyrics with the same ease once reserved for English-language music.

This is no longer a marginal phenomenon. It is a movement that reached the mainstream in 2025, with support from the music industry and international media. For the first time, Irish is being seen as a central part of contemporary culture and a source of pride, especially among young people. There is no embarrassment in using the language, even if you only have a few words.

TikTok

Online, the shift is even clearer. On TikTok, Irish is spoken quickly and imperfectly, half-translated, mixed with dialects, nonsense, and memes. You don’t need perfect grammar. Taking part matters more.

“It’s no longer about being precise,” says Ciara, a nineteen-year-old student at UCD who runs a popular Irish-language account. “If you waited until you were happy with the standard of your Irish, you’d never speak. Now, you just start.”

Belfast

If there is one place that shows the scale of the change, it is Belfast. In October, Belfast City Council adopted a full Irish-language policy, backed by £1.9 million in funding. Bilingual signage. Services. Visibility. Ten years ago, such a move would have been unthinkable.

In 2025, however, the political and cultural context had shifted dramatically, with Irish now viewed as a public asset rather than a political flashpoint. The difference now is the presence of clear targets, resources, and public visibility. Irish has moved from promise to practice. This is a practical example of what can be achieved when policy and community align.

In the Gaeltacht Quarter, the impact was immediate. Irish on vehicles. On signs. On walls. A clear message being sent: the language belongs to us.

The change is also reaching higher education. From the 2026–27 academic year onwards, Queen's University Belfast will offer new degree programmes in Law and Broadcast Production through Irish. It is a clear statement of intent. Irish is a living language, not only in the South but in the North as well.

Looking ahead: 2026

The Action Plan for Irish in English-medium schools aims to tackle a familiar outcome: years of study with little confidence. Less emphasis on rote learning. More conversation. More use.

Abroad, demand continues to grow. Irish classes are filling quickly. In San Francisco, waiting lists already exist for courses beginning in early 2026.

There is still work to be done. Policy, funding, and infrastructure will determine how lasting this moment will be. But 2025 was a decisive year — not because of a new vision, but because of new usage. Irish has left the margins and returned to everyday life. That is what will drive the language forward in 2026.

 

Éamonn Mac Coistealbha – Gaeilgeoir go Smior!

Éamonn Mac Coistealbha – An Irish Speaker to the Marrow!

Éamonn Mac Coistealbha – An Irish Speaker to the Marrow!

Teacher, Mentor, Irish Speaker

We had Éamonn Mac Coistealbha as our Irish teacher in second and third year at St Kieran's College, right up to the Junior Certificate. I was extremely fortunate, I must say, as I had excellent Irish teachers at the College. Éamonn was no exception. He was an Irish speaker to the marrow, who had not only a BA in Celtic Studies, but also an MA from Maynooth College. Éamonn attended St Kieran's College as a student, and returned as an Irish teacher in 1939. I think he was a mentor to most of the other Irish teachers in the school, including my father, who all had great respect for him.

A Strong Foundation in Irish

It's very important when you're learning any subject to have a good foundation. Without that, it's difficult to progress to learning more difficult things. I think that basic Irish is the most difficult subject to teach and to learn. Repetition and practice must be done again and again until you don't have to think about it. You're able to learn more interesting things after that – read wonderful books, have conversations on many topics, and so on.

Stone by Stone, Step by Step

Students who attended other schools said how difficult it was for them to learn Irish. But that wasn't the case for us at St Kieran's College at all. I didn't fully understand why at the time, but later I realised we had a high-calibre teacher. Éamonn was able to improve our knowledge, stone by stone, step by step, giving simple answers to our questions, and focusing on the important principles when we were ready. Éamonn was on the learning journey with us, working hand in hand (with us).

Éamonn was a patient, reasonable man, and a man who always listened to us. You have to take into account that Éamonn had a long curriculum to teach us for the Junior Certificate, and pressure on himself to finish it in time. There were teachers who taught their subjects at lightning speed. But perhaps they were the only ones who understood what they were teaching – we couldn't keep up with them in class at all.

Solid to the End

I don't remember when I first heard that Éamonn was very ill. But I remember that he would cough badly from time to time in class. Despite his poor health, Éamonn continued teaching right up to 1974, when he passed away.

Éamonn was a fine example to us. He never used the cane on us, never looked down on us, and always listened to us. He treated us well, and we had great respect for Éamonn because of that.

I will never forget Éamonn Mac Coistealbha. I use Irish in my own life every day, and I am grateful to that great man, Éamonn Mac Coistealbha, for what I learned from him all those long years ago.

Excerpt from his Obituary

There is no better way to conclude than with an excerpt from his obituary written by a fellow teacher at the school:

He was a man who devoted himself to his work always and never neglected any task he undertook. Teaching is often a thankless task, but that wasn't the case with Éamonn — his former students are forever grateful, understanding that they learned from him not only Irish but insight and wisdom about their own lives. He had a special interest in every aspect of College life — in every activity, in sports matters, in the boys' development overall. He was loyal to his people and to his parish, and was a committed member of the St Vincent de Paul Society in Kilkenny.

He was a truly generous, charitable person — a man from the country and of the country — who wanted nothing as respite from the cares of the world but a winter's day outdoors with his gun and his dog, or a golden August day by the western shore with his family. His death is a cruel blow to his wife and family, and a great loss to the College with the passing of this noble Christian. It is also a personal grief to those of us who worked many long years with him — we have lost a true friend. May God grant eternal rest to his soul and consolation to his wife and family.

 

Uachtarán na hÉireann Catherine Connolly  –	Teanga, Cultúr agus Cothromaíocht

President of Ireland Catherine Connolly - Language, Culture and Balance

When Catherine Connolly was elected President of Ireland in October 2025, it was clear that a significant change was taking place in the political mood of the country, and that new values were being expressed through her victory. Connolly was the first woman ever to serve as Leas-Cheann Comhairle (Deputy Speaker) of the Dáil, and now she becomes the first independent President from Galway. She is a woman who places honesty and openness at the heart of her public life — especially regarding issues connected with the Irish language, Irish unity, the environment, neutrality, and social equality.

Biography and Roots

Catherine Connolly was born in Shantalla, Galway, where she was raised as one of fourteen children. She earned a Master’s degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Leeds in 1981, before returning to the Claddagh in Galway, where she still lives with her husband Brian and their two adult sons. She later completed a Law degree at the University of Galway in 1989 and was called to the Bar in 1991. Her public life began in 1999 when she was elected to Galway City Council, and a few years later she became Mayor in 2004 — a period that deepened her awareness of Ireland’s cultural and linguistic identity. She was elected as an independent TD in 2016 and as Leas-Cheann Comhairle in 2020, confirming her as one of the most principled and fair-minded voices in Irish politics.

Return to the Irish Language

Connolly was not raised as a fluent Irish speaker. As she herself has said: “I only had the Irish I learned in school. I was embarrassed when I realised I couldn’t speak naturally with people in the Gaeltacht.” During her time as Mayor, after an event in Conamara where she found herself unable to say even a few words in Irish, she promised herself she would change that. She later completed a diploma course in Irish, and as she said afterwards: “I went back and learned it properly. And in the Dáil, from the very first day I was elected, I placed emphasis on Irish — as a living, vibrant language.” Gradually, Irish became a natural part of her daily life. She began using it in her speeches, interviews, and debates in the Dáil. She often reminds the public: “Irish is not a cultural ornament. It lies at the heart of who we are as a people.”

The Irish Language as a National Issue

Connolly’s election revealed how central the Irish language has become in political debate in Ireland today. Emer Higgins, a Fine Gael TD and Minister of State, said after the election that the government should “reflect on how central Irish was in the presidential race.” “I visited a school in Rathcoole,” Higgins said. “A pupil asked me, ‘Do you think Heather will lose because she doesn’t have Irish?’ Only one student in the class was fluent, yet every single one said it would matter to them if a presidential candidate spoke Irish.” For the first time in many years, Irish emerged as a major campaign theme across social media and news sites such as Tuairisc.ie and Extrag.ie. In an Irish Times poll, 3% of respondents said that “a person who speaks Irish” was the most important quality for a presidential candidate. While not a large number, it signaled a growing awareness of the language’s importance in political life. At the start of her campaign, Connolly herself stated: “It is essential that the President has Irish — not as a legal requirement, but as an expression of who we are as a nation.”

From Galway to Áras an Uachtaráin

Connolly’s roots run deep in Galway, a city where art, science, and community spirit meet. Before entering national politics, she worked as a barrister and city councillor and later as Mayor, known for her integrity and independence of mind. In the 2020 general election, she won a seat as an Independent TD for Galway West, and a few months later surprised many when she was elected Leas-Cheann Comhairle with 77 votes to the Government candidate’s 74. “I went for it,” she said, “because I couldn’t demand gender equality and then fail to act on it myself.”

Culture and Identity

For Connolly, language and culture are inseparable. As President, she is expected to emphasise the links between art, education, and language — “the three pillars of human society,” as she calls them. She believes Irish should not be left confined to classrooms or translation desks but returned to the heart of public life. “It is a living, central language. It is not a dead one,” she has said.

The Environment and Natural Balance

Connolly is also a passionate advocate for the environment. She believes it is not merely a technical matter but a moral one. “If we protect the land and the sea, we are protecting our heritage.”

Neutrality and Human Rights

Throughout her career, Connolly has consistently defended Ireland’s neutrality. “Neutrality is not the absence of action,” she said, “but an active commitment to peace.”

Reconciliation and Irish Unity

“We must create spaces where people can feel comfortable with their identity,” she says. “That is the beginning of reconciliation.”

Conclusion

It is a great honour to have Catherine Connolly as our President. She is an Irishwoman through and through, who will represent us with dignity on the national and international stage. At home, she will promote our language and culture. Abroad, she will stand against war, for human rights, and for our neutrality. In her own words: “Irish came back to me through patience, love, and daily use. Anyone can do the same.”

Saoire ar Árainn – Cuid 2!

Saoire ar Árainn – Cuid 2!

During our previous visits, I was determined to speak Irish to the locals. Although they spoke Irish, they only spoke English to me – in the shops, in the restaurants, in the pub. It really bothered me that I was treated that way. I couldn't understand why the locals wouldn't speak Irish to me. I was disappointed, as I thought Irish would be the normal language of the island.

I understand now. Árainn is crowded with visitors during the summer, boat after boat discharging crowds of passengers non-stop, from the beginning to the end of the season. Tourists come from all over the world, speaking many different languages. English is the main language of world commerce – on Árainn too. In addition, many people working in the services on the island do not speak a word of Irish. For these reasons, the islanders only speak English to visitors. When they talk to each other, they speak Irish. And if they know you well, they speak Irish to you without issue. I think they do not know that they have this habit, and that it is a practical thing that has happened over time, and is now part of their culture.

This trip, we had a great week on the island. We were busy the whole time - between walks, cycling, seeing the sights, and meeting people. Here is a little taste of the fun that we had.

Blowholes
We rented a couple of bikes. Cars are not usually allowed from the mainland. You see a lot of people on bikes on the island, especially when the weather is nice. The weather was not bad during our visit and we walked and cycled every day. Our first adventure was to visit blowholes. There are a few places on the island that have blowholes, and we went to the closest ones. These holes are formed by sea caves that have tunnels up to the surface, and when the sea is rough, they blow water up through the holes. We cycled to the beginning of a path next to the low road and walked down to the bottom of the beach. There was a sudden drop in the limestone at the edge of the shore, and a little further back, the holes were visible in the stone. Looking down into them, you could see the tidal water below them. Every time the waves came in, the water rose in the holes, and blew out through the holes and up into the air. There was a terrible noise to be heard – a crashing and throbbing that occurred between the limestone and the sea below. One can only imagine what it would be like in rough weather.

Dúchathair Fort

Another fine day, we cycled to the start of the path to Dún Dúchathair and walked the steep path up to the fort. Although this fort does not have a visitor centre, unlike Dún Aonghasa, it is just as impressive in some ways.

It is set high on the cliffs above the sea and has a beautiful expansive view along the coast. You can climb over the walls of the fort and enter the inner courtyard. The courtyard is surrounded by the fort on one side and by large cliffs on the other. Spend some time in Dún Dúchathair if you get the chance.

Aran Sheep: Aransheep.ie by Máirtín Ó Flaithearta

On the path to Dún Dúchathair, there is a sign outside a house: Aransheep.ie. We know the owner, Máirtín Ó Flaithearta and he made us very welcome. He showed us around his shop, which is also a museum, in reality. There was a lot to see and Máirtín had yarn from different breeds of sheep. There are Aran sweaters, blankets and caps on display, as well as a collection of different yarns. There are interesting maps and posters on the walls, showing all sorts of things about sheep, including the distribution of sheep in different parts of the world and different breeds of sheep. There is a big screen in the room and also plenty of chairs, for playing a video or giving a lecture. Máirtín is building another room, so that he has more space. We were there for over an hour, and we really enjoyed it. It is well worth a visit if you have the chance.

Midsummer's Eve

Midsummer's Eve is celebrated on July 23rd, a day when bonfires are lit on the island. It is a remnant of an ancient pagan festival, which used to be a midsummer celebration, associated with the fertility of the land and the worship of the sun. The fire is the heart of the celebration as it is a symbol of brightness. There were specific rituals associated with the celebration but I don't have the space here to discuss them.

Anyway, we visited Seán who had a bonfire lit, which he does year after year. People were coming and going all the time, and it was a great social event. There was a nice smell of peat from the fire, and the weather was reasonably good. Seán offered us drinks and snacks, and we had a nice chat.

There were more cars than usual driving around the High Road. As it turned out, the famous actor Patrick Duffy, the star of the TV series Dallas, was on the island, and according to the rumor he was in Bunghabhla. We didn’t stand idly by either. Curiosity got the better of us, and Seán drove us around the island looking at all the other fires. Quite by accident, we drove through Bunghabhla, but there was no sign or report of the star. But of course, it was a great evening, celebrating ancient traditions with the islanders, and searching for Patrick Duffy!

Conclusion

That’s just a small taste of what we did during our visit to the island. While the island itself is excellent in terms of natural beauty and archaeology, the people of the island are the heart of the place. If you get the chance, visit Árainn – you won’t regret it.

 

Saoire ar Árainn – Cuid 2!

Holidays on Aran island - Part 1

Three islands lie as rocky sentries between Galway Bay and the Atlantic Ocean: Inis Oírr, Inis Meáin and Árainn. They are known as the Aran Islands, and though they sit on the edge of the country, they are at its very heart, serving as protectors of our language and culture. The people of the islands are living proof of that. The history of Ireland can also be seen in nearly every place you step foot on.

It’s no surprise that my wife, Sinéad, and I go to Árainn whenever we get the chance. We love the Irish language and culture. Sinéad is an archaeologist, with a deep tie to Aran from the standpoint of archaeology, and so the island is a kind of paradise for her—essentially a living museum of archaeology and history.  

Prehistory and History

There’s a lot to see dating from the Late Bronze Age (1200–600 BCE) onward. Dún Aonghasa was built around 1100 BCE and expanded later around 500 BCE. The fort is perched on the edge of a cliff, with massive stone walls and defensive spikes surrounding it. It’s a truly awe-inspiring sight. Dún Dúchathair and Dún Eoghanachta are from the same era—they're not as well known as Dún Aonghasa but still impressive.

Around the 8th century, the island emerged as a center of monastic and religious life. Teampall Bheanáin, a tiny church on a hill above Cill Rónáin, is one of the smallest churches in Ireland. It is dedicated to Benen, a follower of St. Patrick.

Pilgrims used to come from the mainland to the Seven Churches, an ancient monastic site that thrived during the medieval period. There are religious ruins there, including churches, stone shrines, and graves. It was one of the most significant Christian sites on the Aran Islands.

There are many other sites to visit on the island as well, including Teampall na Naomh, Teampall Mac Duach, Teampall an Cheathrair Álainn, as well as a range of holy wells and stone altars. Sinéad conducted an important archaeological excavation on Mainistir Chiaráin, in which were uncovered noteworthy features and artifacts. There is a lot to tell about this excavation, but that is a story for another day and another article.

Bronze Age people first settled the Aran Islands, followed by Celtic tribes during the Iron Age. From the 5th century on, the islands became a Christian hub. For the most part, the island communities have remained faithful to their culture and language right up to today.

Tourism

Even so, one mustn’t forget the major changes that have had a significant impact on the islands and their inhabitants over time. Tourism began on the Aran Islands at the end of the 19th century, when writers, artists, and scholars started arriving. They appreciated all the islands had to offer—an ancient culture still being lived, and a unique natural beauty beyond compare.

During the 20th century, tourism gradually expanded. It was once difficult to land on the Aran Islands, but nowadays there are regular ferry services from Ros a’ Mhíl, Doolin, and Galway, and since the 1970s, short flights have been available from Connemara Airport. In recent years, interest in the culture and nature of the islands has grown tremendously, and people love to get out exploring on foot and by bike. These days, visitors come not only from Ireland but from all over the world. Tourism is now an important part of the local economy, although it is still seasonal compared to many other places.

Arrival on Inis Mór

This time, we were passengers on the latest addition to the Doolin Ferries fleet: the Cliffs of Moher Express. This boat is much faster and larger than the others. It’s also fitted with stabilizers for a smoother journey. The trip was excellent—very smooth. That’s great news for me, as I don’t have the strongest stomach for the sea.

We had booked an Airbnb near Tí Joe Watty’s, close to Cill Rónáin. We had stayed in the same small house before—a comfortable place with every convenience, including a fully equipped kitchen. As soon as we stored our bags, we headed straight to the Spar to do our shopping. The manager welcomed us warmly, and we chatted for a moment about how things were going. It was lovely to be back on Árainn again!

Concert

As we were leaving the store, Sinéad spotted a poster advertising a concert that same evening in Halla Rónáin. The featured act would be singer-songwriter Susan O’Neill. Susan O’Neill (or SON) is a talented performer from Ennis, County Clare, who blends traditional music, rock, blues, and soul with a powerful and distinctive voice. She gained acclaim for her collaborative album with Mick Flannery, In the Game, and she’s now one of the most exciting artists in Ireland.

We bought our tickets online and, after a delicious meal at home, walked down the road to Halla Rónáin. The opening musicians were good, but when Susan O’Neill took the stage and started performing, we were captivated from the very first note. She uses live-looping techniques to layer vocals, trumpet, and other instruments skillfully—creating a rich, textured, and powerful sound. The show was outstanding, and we thoroughly enjoyed it—a perfect start to our holiday!

…More to come.

Léamh Filíochta

Poetry Reading

I recently attended a poetry class that I really enjoyed. We had to read our poems out loud in class, and then the other students had the opportunity to share feedback with the author. In this way, we were all learning in two main ways. Firstly, we heard the poems that other people in the class had composed, which was very interesting. Secondly, we received feedback on our own poems, and with that information, we were able to improve the poems. At the end of the course, an open poetry reading was organised for us, which everyone was welcome to attend. I read three poems in English at the event, and I read an introduction to each of them, to put them in context. I have an English and an Irish version of two of the poems, since they relate to Ireland. The other one (the third one) is in English only. Here are the three introductions and the poems associated with them, translated into Irish (except for the third poem itself).

 

  1. 1. The powerful influence of our parents on us.

Our parents have a great influence on us in our early years. I didn’t really understand that until recently. This is just one example of that influence. My father wrote and my mother read every chance they got, every day, when I was growing up. I have enjoyed writing and reading throughout my life and they are very important to me. Every chance I get, I write or read. I now understand very well that this was no accident but was a consequence of the home environment I had, thanks to my parents. This poem is a tribute to them.Our parents have a great influence on us in our early years. I didn’t really understand that until recently. This is just one example of that influence. My father wrote and my mother read every chance they got, every day, when I was growing up. I have enjoyed writing and reading throughout my life and they are very important to me. Every chance I get, I write or read. I now understand very well that this was no accident but was a consequence of the home environment I had, thanks to my parents. This poem is a tribute to them.

Scríobhaim
Daid ag cnagadh ar a shean-Olivetti,
A eochairbhuillí mar bhuillí croí ár n-óige.
Gach ciúnas agus boladh Tippex
mar shioncóipiú sa cheol cúlra-
ceol deasghnátha an tsaoil.

Sna sosanna gearra ina lá fada –
físeanna leabharlann-spreagtha ag Mam,
faoi dhomhan nís cineálta, nís gile.

Ón ithir thorthúil chruthaitheach seo,
D’fhás peann i mo lámha óga díograiseacha.
Bhínn ag scríobh, ag scríobh, ag scríobh,
go dtí gur lean foirm feidhm,
agus sa deireadh thiar thall –
nochtadh an scríbhneoir ionam.

I Write
Tapping away on his old Olivetti,
Dad’s keystrokes were the heartbeat of our childhood,
with silences and Tippex smells
syncopating the background music
of our mundane life rituals.

Mum fed the short breaks in her long day
with library-fueled visions
of a kinder, grander world.

From this fertile, dream-fed soil
sprouted a pen in my eager young hands.
I wrote and wrote and wrote until
form followed function
and parchment revealed
the writer inside.

  1. The beauty of nature and culture in the Glen Cholm Cille area.

According to tradition, Colmcille built a church in Glencolmcille in the 6th century. This valley is located in a remote area in the north-west of Ireland in County Donegal. The valley slopes down, through rolling countryside, to the Atlantic Ocean. Then, the rugged coastline stretches north and south. To the north, at Sliabh Liag, there are 2,000-foot-high sea cliffs. Glencolmcille is in the Gaeltacht, and our native language is commonly heard spoken there. As such, the area is steeped in traditional Irish culture. I personally feel that this special valley is a wonderful blend of landscape and culture. The poem is a tribute and, in a way, a prayer to this picturesque and historic valley. The poem describes the scene and its effect on me when I first saw the glen on a beautiful summer day, as we entered at the top of the glen and drove down to the coast.

Gleann Cholm Cille
Glasghoirt cuilteáilte úra ag cur thar maoil,
loig is mullaigh scuabtha síos dorchla caol,
ag sleamhnú trí chraos an ghleanna go mín,
stróicthe as a chéile gan rabhadh ag an Muirlín.
Talamh Naofa ina néal-lámha faoi dheireadh,
Spíonta, géilleann sí go do ghaineamh geal na mara.

Glencolmcille

Fresh green-fielded quiltwork spills,
pleats and folds tumbling down hills,
glides through glistening, gulleted glen,
riven by meanders of the river Murlin.
Cloud-swaddled, spangled sainted land,
Exhausted, yields to the silver sand.

 

  1. The ongoing painful consequences of climate change.

The “butterfly effect” is a description of the large consequences that can occur from small changes. The effect was discovered by Edward Lorenz while researching the weather system. The effect also applies to broader topics, including climate change. In this case, it highlights the risks we take when making even small changes to the climate system. The butterfly migration comes to my area of San Diego from Santa Cruz every year. Last year, I saw one butterfly struggling desperately to stay afloat. Ironically and tragically, the “butterfly effect” has a negative impact on the very creatures for which the effect is named. In fact, the butterfly has done us no harm, but the opposite is true, for it is humanity that is harming the butterfly. All of this gave me a metaphor, in which the butterfly is like a lens. Through this lens, we can see not only our personal and emotional connection to the world, which we know and love, but the reality of its loss, which has already begun. And it is a loss that does not happen all at once, but gradually, butterfly by butterfly - at least at first.

Butterfly Elegy
The nectar-fueled monarch migration
flutters south in shimmering clouds
from Santa Cruz to San Diego
to ancestral breeding grounds.

There, molten clouds of monarchs
drift on failing wings,
no haven to receive them,
no milkweed to nourish their young.

A single monarch spirals down
in quickening, tightening arcs,
its frail and tattered body —
more proof of what’s being lost.

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